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Basic Exporting Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Introduction
U.S. exports and the economy
Ten keys to export success
Using A Basic Guide to Exporting
PART A. BEFORE THE SALE
Chapter 1. Export Strategy
Assessing a product's export potential
Making the export decision
The value of planning
The planning process and the result
Approaches to exporting
Chapter 2. Export Advice
Department of Commerce
Department of State
Small Business Administration
Department of Agriculture
State government
Commercial banks
Export intermediaries
World trade centers and international trade clubs
Chambers of commerce and trade associations
American chambers of commerce abroad
International trade consultants and other advisors
Chapter 3. Market Research
Methods of Market research
A step-by-step approach to market research
Sources of market research
Chapter 4. Methods of Exporting and Channels of Distribution
Distribution considerations
Indirect exporting
Direct exporting
Chapter 5. Preparing products for Export
Product Preparation considerations
Product adaptation
Engineering and redesign
Branding, labeling, and packaging
Installation
Warranties
Servicing
Chapter 6. Service Exports
Typical service exports
Exporting services versus products
Marketing services abroad
Government support for service exports
Chapter 7. Making Contacts
Department of Commerce contact programs
Department of trade event programs
Other Department of Commerce programs
Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service
Agency for International Development
Trade and Development Program
State and local government assistance
Business and service organization contacts
Promotion in publications and other media
Chapter 8. Business travel abroad
Planning the itinerary
Other preparations
Business preparations for international travel
Assistance from U.S. embassies and consulates
Carnets
Cultural factors
PART B. MAKING THE SALE
Chapter 9. Selling overseas
Responding to inquiries
Separating the wheat from the chaff
Business practices in international selling
Building a working relationship
Chapter 10. Pricing, quotations, and terms
Pricing considerations
Foreign market objectives
Costs
Market demand
Competition
Pricing summary
Quotations and pro forma invoices
Terms of sale
Chapter 11. Export regulations, customs benefits, and tax incentives
Export regulations
Antidiversion, antiboycott, and antitrust requirements
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) restrictions
Import regulations of foreign governments
Customs benefits for exporters
Foreign sales corporations
Commerce assistance related to multilateral trade negotiations
Bilateral trade agreements
Intellectual property rights considerations
Arbitration of disputes in international transactions
The United Nations sales convention
PART C. AFTER THE SALE
Chapter 12. Documentation, shipping, and logistics
Freight forwarders
Packing
Labeling
Documentation
Shipping
Insurance
Chapter 13. Methods of payment
Cash in advance
Documentary letters of credit and drafts
Credit cards
Open account
Other payment mechanisms
Decreasing credit risks through credit checks
Collection problems
Chapter 14. Financing export transactions
Extending credit to foreign buyers
Commercial banks
Other private sources
Government assistance programs
State and local export financing programs
Chapter 15. After-sales service
Service delivery options
Legal considerations
New sales opportunities and improved customer relations
Chapter 16. Technology licensing and joint ventures
Technology licensing
Joint ventures
APPENDICES
Appendix I. Export glossary
Appendix II. Directory of federal export assistance
Appendix III. State and local sources of assistance
Appendix IV. U.S. and overseas contact for major foreign markets
Appendix V. Selected bibliograph
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